Erzählen inszenieren: : Ein Theatermonolog als multimodale Leistung des Interaktionsensembles auf der Probebühne

Narrating is a crucial activity in theatre rehearsals. Through this activity, narratives are performed, expanded, reinterpreted, or even completely improvised. The communicative practices used by theatre professionals to develop a play as a theatrical narrative have rarely been researched, both in linguistics and theatre studies. Therefore, this paper addresses how actors, directors, and other members of a theatre production collectively develop monologues as self-contained narratives within a play. The research focuses on how narrators and listeners, as an interactional ensemble, use multimodal actions to realize such monologues. Surprisingly, the co-narrators don’t appear to imagine their future audience but construct the narrations in situ with and for the present members. This observation especially becomes evident when mobile eye-tracking glasses measure the co-narrators’ gaze behavior. It shows that members of a theatre rehearsal perform different activities (e. g., improvising, reading, prompting, instructing, discussing, monitoring) with regard to local interactional requirements. This paper illustrates the procedures with which theatre-makers produce monologues as multimodal narratives and highlights the differences that distinguish such narratives in theatre from spontaneous everyday storytellings

Gleichzeitigkeit in der Interaktion

By taking a conversation-analytical approach, this study uses mobile eye tracking and audiovisual recordings of theater rehearsals to examine how people who are interacting with each other simultaneously coordinate relevant activities. Of special significance is the structural compatibility of the modes of participation in the co-relevant activities, as different methods of coordination are used depending on the degree of (in-)compatibility

Ethik im Feld: Forschungspraxis in audiovisuellen Studien

Die audiovisuelle Aufzeichnung von Interaktionen bildet die empirische Grundlage für Forschungsarbeiten in vielen sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Das interaktive Miteinander der oft mit mehreren Kameras gefilmten Teilnehmenden steht dort im Zentrum qualitativer Analysen - doch wie es zu den Aufnahmen kommt, welche Vorbereitungen dazu notwendig sind, wie die Forschenden bzw. die Studienleitung ihre betreuende Verantwortlichkeit gegenüber den Teilnehmenden wahrnehmen und welchen Stressfaktoren die freiwillig an einer wissenschaftlichen Studie Teilnehmenden ausgesetzt sind, ist bislang nur selten ethisch reflektiert worden. Eine immer zentralere Rolle in Studiendesigns der Interaktions- und Kommunikationsforschung spielt mobiles Eye-Tracking. Diese Technologie, die Forschenden wertvolle Einblicke in menschliches Blickverhalten ermöglicht, wird von Studienteilnehmenden häufig als invasiv und schmerzhaft empfunden. Bezugnehmend auf den aktuellen Diskurs zur Forschungsethik in der qualitativen Sozialforschung werden in diesem Beitrag verschiedene Eye-Tracking-Studiensituationen in Hinblick auf den forschungsethischen Umgang zwischen Studienleitungen und Studienteilnehmenden rekonstruiert. Im Zentrum der forschungsethischen Reflexion steht dabei die Frage, wie Studienleitungen ihre Verantwortung für Studienteilnehmende situativ in Bezug auf Invasivität und Freiwilligkeit wissenschaftlicher Studien bearbeiten.Audio-visual recording of human interaction constitutes the empirical foundations of research in many social science disciplines. The cooperation and interactive coordination of participants is at the center of qualitative analyses and is often recorded simultaneously by several video cameras. But little ethical reflection has occurred about how this data was recorded, which prearrangements were necessary, how the researchers discharge their tasks of supervision and responsibility towards the participants and which sources of stress voluntary participants face. An increasingly central role in the study designs of interaction and communication research is mobile eye tracking. This technology provides the researchers with more insight into human gaze behavior; but participants often perceive it invasive and painful. With respect to the current discussion about research ethics in the qualitative social sciences, we reconstruct various situations within research studies with participants wearing mobile eye tracking-glasses regarding the ethical conduct of researchers and participants. In the center of our ethical reflection is the question how researchers process in situ their responsibilities for participants with respect to the degree of invasiveness and voluntariness of research studies

Peer review analysis in the field of radiation oncology: results from a web-based survey of the Young DEGRO working group

PURPOSE To evaluate the reviewing behaviour in the German-speaking countries in order to provide recommendations to increase the attractiveness of reviewing activity in the field of radiation oncology. METHODS In November 2019, a survey was conducted by the Young DEGRO working group (jDEGRO) using the online platform “eSurveyCreator”. The questionnaire consisted of 29 items examining a~broad range of factors that influence reviewing motivation and performance. RESULTS A total of 281 responses were received. Of these, 154 (55%) were completed and included in the evaluation. The most important factors for journal selection criteria and peer review performance in the field of radiation oncology are the scientific background of the manuscript (85%), reputation of the journal (59%) and a~high impact factor (IF; 40%). Reasons for declining an invitation to review include the scientific background of the article (60%), assumed effort (55%) and a low IF (27%). A~double-blind review process is preferred by 70% of respondents to a single-blind (16%) or an open review process (14%). If compensation was offered, 59% of participants would review articles more often. Only 12% of the participants have received compensation for their reviewing activities so far. As compensation for the effort of reviewing, 55% of the respondents would prefer free access to the journal's articles, 45% a discount for their own manuscripts, 40% reduced congress fees and 39% compensation for expenses. CONCLUSION The scientific content of the manuscript, reputation of the journal and a~high IF determine the attractiveness for peer reviewing in the field of radiation oncology. The majority of participants prefer a~double-blind peer review process and would conduct more reviews if compensation was available. Free access to journal articles, discounts for publication costs or congress fees, or an expense allowance were identified to increase attractiveness of the review process

N-glycosylation regulates intrinsic IFN-γ resistance in colorectal cancer: implications for immunotherapy

Background & Aims: Advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is characterized by a high frequency of primary immune evasion and refractoriness to immunotherapy. Given the importance of interferon (IFN)-γ in CRC immunosurveillance, we investigated whether and how acquired IFN-γ resistance in tumor cells would promote tumor growth, and whether IFN-γ sensitivity could be restored. Methods: Spontaneous and colitis-associated CRC development was induced in mice with a specific IFN-γ pathway inhibition in intestinal epithelial cells. The influence of IFN-γ pathway gene status and expression on survival was assessed in patients with CRC. The mechanisms underlying IFN-γ resistance were investigated in CRC cell lines. Results: The conditional knockout of the IFN-γ receptor in intestinal epithelial cells enhanced spontaneous and colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice, and the loss of IFN-γ receptor α (IFNγRα) expression by tumor cells predicted poor prognosis in patients with CRC. IFNγRα expression was repressed in human CRC cells through changes in N-glycosylation, which decreased protein stability via proteasome-dependent degradation, inhibiting IFNγR-signaling. Downregulation of the bisecting N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (MGAT3) expression was associated with IFN-γ resistance in all IFN-γ–resistant cells, and highly correlated with low IFNγRα expression in CRC tissues. Both ectopic and pharmacological reconstitution of MGAT3 expression with all-trans retinoic acid increased bisecting N-glycosylation, as well as IFNγRα protein stability and signaling. Conclusions: Together, our results demonstrated that tumor-associated changes in N-glycosylation destabilize IFNγRα, causing IFN-γ resistance in CRC. IFN-γ sensitivity could be reestablished through the increase in MGAT3 expression, notably via all-trans retinoic acid treatment, providing new prospects for the treatment of immune-resistant CRC